具有高理论比容量和低操作电压的锡及其氧化物负极材料,在当前对锂离子电池高能量密度和高功率密度的日益迫切的需求下备受关注.但其在充放电过程中的巨大体积效应导致其循环性能较差,严重阻碍了锡基负极材料的实用化.在改善循环性能的诸多方法中,结合纳米化和微观结构设计来制备纳米结构Sn/C复合负极材料是一种较好的改性思路.按照锡与碳的复合形式,可将其分为表面附着型、核壳包覆型、弥散包覆型等基本构型和其他复杂结构.本文按此分类方法,从制备工艺、微观结构、电化学性能等方面对各种Sn/C复合负极材料的研究进展进行了评述,并提出将各种基本构型相结合来制备具有多级复合纳米结构的Sn/C复合材料,同时简化制备工艺,对于其性能的进一步提升和实用化将具有重要的意义.
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